ISSN Print 2713-0894    ISSN Online 2713-0908
Medical Ethics
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Opinion Features of cultural research in the framework of cultural neuroscience: development prospects and ethical dilemmas
Kovaleva TV, Pariyskaya EN, Kovaleva-Kircicek VA
The purpose of this article is to determine the objectivity of culture from the perspective of the neuroscience`s research interests of and to identify neuroethical problems that arise in the process of using neurotechnologies and applying research results. The following aspects were set: to provide a clear understanding of the reasons behind neuroscience’s growing interest in culture; to identify new scientific and neurobiological directions studying the relationship between a culture and humans; to substantiate the importance of the emergence of cultural neuroscience, to identify some ethical categories revealed through analysis of research results; to highlight ethical problems that arise or may arise near future during the application of neurotechnologies and the use of research results in this field. The main conclusion of this article is that the development and application of neurotechnologies will be the main priority for many countries, especially taking into account the interest in understanding the cultural characteristics of all people living in the same territories. On the one hand, the knowledge can help to prevent cross-cultural conflicts and improve the effectiveness of management systems in the social sphere. On the other hand, it may lead to bioethical problems due to possible manipulations in various fields as business and politics.
Received: 2024-07-14
Published online: 2024-09-25
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.021
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Review Bioethics in the Kyrgyz Republic: experience and prospects
Toichuev RM, Abylaeva BA, Zhilova LV, Toichueva AU
This article examines the Kyrgyz tradition of bioethics and the conditions of its use in higher educational institutions of Kyrgyzstan. The article analyzes formation of bioethics as a science closely related to medicine, veterinary medicine and biology, which studies the relationship between men, animals and other creatures. The bioethical aspects of conducting an experimental and preclinical testing of medicinal herbs and other products that have been used in folk medicine for centuries, as well as their application in practical medicine, are presented. The bioethical aspects of brain transplantation, artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of AI robotics to perform medical manipulations, surgical interventions, as well as tactical mistakes made by them (robots) when performing diagnostic manipulations, operations and when new infections and diseases occur, are considered. The issues of obtaining permits to prepare vaccines and drugs and the issues of studying the “non-natural” human nature are highlighted. In this regard, bioethical science will face many complex tasks that require solutions in the future. The laws of the Kyrgyz Republic related to bioethics and teaching of this discipline in universities of the Kyrgyz Republic, adopted in the period from 1992 to the present (August 2024), are presented.
Received: 2024-07-24
Published online: 2024-09-24
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.020
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VIEWS 173
Original research The activities of the local ethics committee to improve the quality of biomedical research of young university staff
Guryleva ME
The article is devoted to the issues of clinical research: their ethical and legal regulation at the present time, the history of ethical expertise in the Russian Federation and at Kazan State Medical University. The role of ethical committees as a structure responsible for quality of scientific research and a guarantor of compliance with the principles of ethics, protection of the rights, safety and well-being of research participants is considered. The article presents the working experience of the local ethics committee of Kazan State Medical University on ethical examination of research projects with human participation and analysis of the most common mistakes in preparation of research documentation made by young scientists of clinical departments. The digital information showing typical errors and inaccuracies in the formation of a package of documents for ethical examination, based on the analysis of 284 initiative papers of PhD candidates from clinical departments: every fifth protocol required revision in accordance with the ethical and legal framework adopted in the Russian Federation, in 1.5% of cases the documentation was submitted for already conducted studies (i.e. ost factum), when no changes to its design are possible anymore. Typical mistakes were the following: inability to form research and control groups, calculate a representative number of participants, write an information sheet for a participant in a clinical trial and a sheet of informed consent, going beyond the specialty, desire to prescribe drugs beyond the scope of registered indications, etc. The ways of increasing both the awareness of young researchers and quality of ethical expertise by specialists of the ethics committee are proposed.
Received: 2024-08-27
Published online: 2024-09-19
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.019
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VIEWS 158
Opinion Mechanisms for introduction of artificial intelligence in healthcare: new ethical challenges
Khokholov AL, Zarubina TV, Kotlovsky MYu, Pavlov AV, Potapov MP, Soldatova ON, Gabidullina LF, Tsybikova EB
Currently, systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) are finding increasing application in medicine. Acting as assistants of both the attending physician and managing physician, they can be a good help in solving a number of problems in modern healthcare, such as staff shortage, professional burnout and, in some cases, insufficient staff qualification. However, this leads to increased requirements for reliability of such systems. Introduction of a new advanced technology raises a number of ethical issues and problems, the solution of which is necessary to gain trust of people and reduce distrust associated with the use of AI technologies. It seems that if ethical standards determine and set the progressive development of artificial intelligence, this will lead to the maximum benefit from the use of this technology in healthcare. The paper examines the ethical aspects of transition of software into the category of medical devices. At the same time, legal and organizational mechanisms for solving ethical problems at both the international and domestic levels are provided. The activities of both public and government organizations in this field are considered. The need to obtain the permission of ethical committees for conducting clinical trials and ensuring informed consent of patients is emphasized. It also highlights the importance of integrating medical data into structured datasets that can be registered as databases. This will contribute to improved quality of medical research and practice.
Received: 2024-07-31
Published online: 2024-09-18
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.018
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VIEWS 182
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Original research Islands of mercy. Russian doctors during military operations in the North Caucasus in the 1990s and early 2000s
Tumakov DV
At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, Russia had to conduct active military operations twice to suppress the hotbed of separatism, crime and terrorism in the North Caucasus. Serious military medicine forces had to be involved. Meanwhile, the participation of medical professionals in two Chechen operations is still on the periphery of attention of domestic researchers. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Russian mass media wrote that military doctors were helping wounded and sick servicemen of the federal troops directly on the front line and in rear hospitals, often informed the general public about maintaining the mental health of recent front-line soldiers, and also never ignored the assistance to the civilian population (women, the elderly, children) of the Chechen Republic. Some press publications described the most successful and complex operations performed by Russian military surgeons. In many publications of those years, you can also find reports about the doctors who distinguished themselves the most during the active hostilities and were awarded high state awards, including the Gold Star of the Hero of the Russian Federation. The practical activities of Russian doctors in the North Caucasus in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted not only in the saving of the lives of the vast majority of wounded soldiers, but also in restoration of the Chechen health system, prevention of epidemics and successful fight against numerous infectious diseases.
Received: 2024-05-24
Published online: 2024-06-20
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.009
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VIEWS 373
Review Ethical and social aspects of teenage pregnancy
Kurmangaleeva AYu, Sibirskaya EV
Teen pregnancy remains one of the key social issues that deeply affects not only the life of a young mother and her child but their inner circle and society as well. In spite of multiple efforts to reduce its prevalence rate, teen pregnancy is still a pressing issue in many countries. Currently, there are several key problems that can result in an increased risk of teen pregnancy. They include an early beginning of sexual activity, history of sexual abuse, low social and economic status, lack of parental care and support, cultural and family behavioral models, use of psychoactive substances, poor academic performance and expulsion from school. In addition, the probability of a repeated teenage pregnancy is significantly increased, passing the problem on from one generation to another. This article is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of these factors and statistical data in order to better understand the problem of teenage pregnancy, assess its consequences for the health and well-being of those underaged and their children. Special attention is paid to the ethical and social aspects of teenage pregnancy.
Received: 2024-03-15
Published online: 2024-06-13
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.007
Comments 0
VIEWS 329