Medical Ethics

ISSN Print 2713-0894 ISSN Online 2713-0908

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Issue 2, 2025

Topic Bioethical problems of quantum computing

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Issue 1, 2024

Topic Development of neurotechnologies. Ethical issues and public discussions

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Issue 2, 2024

Topic Ethical aspects of creating clinical guidelines for practitioners

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Issue 3, 2024

Topic Application of artificial intelligence in healthcare: ethical conclusion

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Issue 4, 2024

Topic Implementation of neurotechnologies. Development of ethical guidelines

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Issue 1, 2025

Topic Amendments and additions to the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects"

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New articles

The article examines the relationship between religious values and rational principles of science. The purpose of the study is to identify common grounds of religion and scientific rationality to determine the foundations of medical ethics. The article examines the concept by Kavelin KD in relation to opinions of modern philosophers. Religion educates a moral person and provides guidelines for medical ethics, medicine and scientific knowledge, while science, rational knowledge, clarifies the general conditions of actual existence and provides a tool for arranging a human life. It is concluded that both religion and science display interest in the same task but in a different way. Thus, religion looks at the mental, subjective, and moral side, whereas science is interested in something external and objective.

Received: 2025-05-16

Published online: 2025-06-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.009

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VIEWS 125

The study covers the problem of insufficient regulation of pediatric deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Russia, which causes neuroethical dilemmas and risk of unjustified expansion of indications. The study is relevant because of growing use of DBS in children with severe neurological disorders and lack of adapted standards. The aim of the study is to identify gaps in regulatory system and develop recommendations for ethical and clinical regulation of DBS in children. The current clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, international consensuses and protocols of leading Russian centers were used as a basis for the research. The main methods included analysis of regulatory documents, comparative and critical analysis of existing standards and ethical approaches. The results show that Russian practice lacks age-specific standards and assessment algorithms despite the regulations. The risks of expanded indications and pressure on patients and their families, which may lead to unregulated experimentation, have been identified. As a conclusion, the need to develop specialized recommendations and strengthen ethical standards to ensure safety and effectiveness of DBS use in children is proposed.

Received: 2025-06-06

Published online: 2025-06-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.010

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VIEWS 128

Kostrov SA, Potapov MP

The article analyzes the latest ethical challenges associated with introduction of large language models (LLMs) in medicine and healthcare. Various LLM architectures, stages of their training (pretraining, pretuning, reinforcement learning from human feedback) and criteria for quality of training data are reviewed. The emphasis is on a range of ethical issues such as copyright for AI-generated content; systematic bias in algorithms and risk of generating false information; a need to ensure transparency and explainability of AI (XAI); issues of confidentiality and protection of personal medical data, including difficulties with anonymization and obtaining informed consent. Aspects of legal responsibility for using LLMs in clinical practice are also analyzed and technological solutions (federated learning, homomorphic encryption) to minimize risks are discussed. The need for an integrated approach combining technological improvement, development of ethical standards, adaptation of legislation and critical supervision of the medical community is emphasized to ensure safe and effective integration of LLMs into clinical practice.

Received: 2025-05-06

Published online: 2025-06-29

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.008

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VIEWS 215

Khokholov AL, Pavlov AV, Kotlovsky MYu, Potapov MP, Gabidullina LF

Today, quantum computing is one of the most promising areas of modern science that can solve the problems which are too hard to handle for classical computers. However, a huge potential accompanied by a rapid progress in this area creates significant ethical risks, including threat of hacking existing cryptographic systems and the problem of non-transparent decisions made using quantum computing. The article highlights the need for timely ethical analysis, development of a regulatory framework, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure sustainable and socially acceptable technology development. Main ethical, bioethical challenges, in particular, that arise against the background of quantum computing, and identification of possible ways to regulate them captivate special attention.

Received: 2025-05-05

Published online: 2025-06-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.007

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VIEWS 176

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Popular articles

Khokholov AL, Firsov DE, Sopetina DN

The current version of the Declaration of Helsinki, adopted at the 75th General Assembly of the World Medical Association in October 2024, represents a significant step forward in the updating one of the basic international documents defining fundamental approaches to regulating medical research involving humans. The amendments and additions to the Declaration reflect the task of ensuring compliance of ethical principles of medical research with real research practice. For 60 years, the Declaration of Helsinki has maintained its importance as an ethical guide upholding the humanistic principles of medical research, motivating the professional medical community to cooperate and consolidate in the prevention of risks to humans, following the interests of science and society.

Received: 2025-01-27

Published online: 2025-03-13

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.002

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VIEWS 459

Medvedeva EA, Marin GG, Chernogorova MV, Bakhareva IR

One of the important factors of medical deontology is the focus of a healthcare professional on the health of patients and colleagues in case of increased infectious morbidity within the framework of limiting transmission of an infectious agent. The aim of the study was to assess the true frequency of regulated use of PPE, including in the provision of medical care to patients with COVID-19, and compliance with the isolation regimen in case of respiratory illness among health workers. The study was conducted using the Internet (the questionnaire is posted on ancetolog.ru) from January to March 2022 (ongoing COVID-19 pandemic). Survey data of 3,570 respondents was analyzed in accordance with the quality criteria for filling out the questionnaires. The overwhelming majority of the respondents were women, 63.6% (2,269 people) and 36.4% (1,299 people) were men, the average age of the respondents was 38.9 ± 14.22 years. Non-compliance with the rules of wearing PPE was detected for every fourth respondent (24.9%), 4.1% refused to wear PPE, and 7% complied with the rules of wearing PPE in the workplace only when their non-compliance could be noticed. The data we have obtained indicates that a quarter of health workers do not follow professional ethics in the framework of preventive measures to reduce infectious diseases, threatening the health of colleagues and patients by their behavior in the workplace.

Received: 2024-12-20

Published online: 2025-03-05

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.001

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VIEWS 457