ISSN Print 2713-0894    ISSN Online 2713-0908
Medical Ethics
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Opinion Development of neurotechnologies: ethical issues and public discussions
Khokholov AL, Kotlovsky MYu, Pavlov AV, Potapov MP, Gabidullina LF, Tsybikova EB
At present, neurotechnologies are emerging rapidly. The scope of state and private investment in the trend, which is the investment priority, is growing steadily. Interstate, national initiatives and public-private alliances for their development are created. Meanwhile, a significant potential of neurotechnologies consists not only in treatment of a wide specter of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, but also in improvement of human nature. At the same time, uncontrolled use of these technologies can violate fundamental rights. This raises the questions associated with accessibility and potential use of neurotechnologies to improve the human nature. It can produce a deep effect both on certain people, and the entire society. Development of neurotechnologies requires a highly organized approach on the part of ethics and morality with subsequent fixation of these provisions in the legislative and regulatory acts. International, state and non-governmental organizations play a great role in this case.
Received: 2024-03-20
Published online: 2024-03-31
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.005
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Review Ethical issues in implementing artificial intelligence in healthcare
Koshechkin KA, Khokholov AL
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare presents unprecedented opportunities for improving patient care and outcomes, yet it also brings forth a myriad of ethical dilemmas that demand careful consideration. This article examines the ethical challenges posed by AI in healthcare, ranging from concerns about algorithmic bias and patient privacy to issues of transparency, accountability, and professional autonomy. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, case studies, and regulatory considerations, the study explores the multifaceted ethical implications of AI technologies in clinical practice. Key findings underscore the importance of promoting transparency and accountability in AI algorithm development and deployment, as well as the need for robust regulatory oversight and ethical guidance to ensure patient rights and safety. Despite the complexities and challenges, AI offers immense potential to enhance patient care and healthcare efficiency when navigated responsibly and ethically. By prioritizing ethical principles and collaborative efforts, stakeholders can harness the transformative power of AI while upholding the highest standards of ethical healthcare practice.
Received: 2024-02-16
Published online: 2024-03-31
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.006
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VIEWS 84
Original research Connecting links of history. Yaroslavl and Sergey Spasokukotsky
Eregina NT
Biography of Sergey Spasokukotsky, the outstanding Russian surgeon, is closely related to the Yaroslavl Territory. He spent his childhood in the Danilovsky region, coming from a large and friendly family of a zemstvo doctor. In 1880–1888, he studied at the Men’s Gymnasium after his family had moved to Yaroslavl. The building now belongs to the Yaroslavl State Medical University where a representative of his scientific school, Professor Busalov AA, worked decades later. Life and activity of Sergey Spasokukotsky represent a bright example of unselfish service to medicine. Being a graduate of the Emperor’s Moscow University, he had a chance to continue his medical career in Moscow but went to the province where he worked as a zemstvo doctor for many years, actively implementing advance achievements of medicine into abdominal surgery, neurosurgery, pulmonary surgery, creating novel and modifying available surgeries. S. Spasokukotsky and his student developed an affordable and effective method of preparing a surgeon’s hands for a surgery with 0.5% ammonia solution (method by Spasokukotsky and Kochergyn). The scientific and practical activities of Sergey Spasokukotsky resulted in the development of a large scientific school with an ultimate scientific social responsibility, originality, great depth and boldness while solving the issues of surgical pathology.
Received: 2024-03-05
Published online: 2024-03-26
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.004
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VIEWS 80
Review Ethical and legal aspects of administration of antibacterial reserve preparations
Yarovoy SK
The article explains what an antibacterial reserve preparation means. It has been shown that the drug belonging to the group is determined by its pharmacological properties only such as a clinically significant (sufficient for empirical application) activity in relation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or nosocomial (methicillin-resistant) strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It allows to differentiate between two categories of reserve antibiotics, which exert an anti-Gram-negative and anti-Gram-positive activity. There is an exhaustive list of preparations included into each group and available in the Russian market. Meanwhile, no drugs that correspond to inclusion requirements for both groups are available. Possible conflicts that occur during clinical application of antibacterial reserve drugs are comprehensively analyzed. It is based on divergence of interests of a patient and the patient’s representatives, treating physician, management of the clinic, hospital epidemiologists and manufacturers of reserve generics. Economic and general biological (selection of drug-resistant strains in extensively wide application) arguments commonly contradict the legal (compliance with clinical recommendations), moral and ethical (independence of aid quality from the patient’s prognosis) standards. The Legislator’s position in relation to the issue has been reviewed. Imperfect regularity framework and insufficient legal safety of a doctor make it possible to resolve conflicts through concessions and agreements including reserve antibiotics prescribed as per conditionally social indications.
Received: 2024-02-19
Published online: 2024-03-15
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.003
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VIEWS 117
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Opinion Education, health, and mercy. Training sisters of mercy at the Yaroslavl Medical University
Khokholov AL, Zhbannikov PS, Zarov AYu, Firsov DE, Shkurankov AV, Makarov SV
In the modern world, traditions of social work are highly demanded both by the professional medical corporation and entire society. The experience of hospital volunteering is particularly relevant in relation to palliative patients. Volunteers involved in practical healthcare should have the corresponding level of qualification. The issue is solved by training and retraining of hospital volunteers and specialists of various levels at medical educational institutions. Junior medical nurses (sisters of mercy) have been trained at the Yaroslavl State Medical University since 2023. The specialized department of palliative medicine on the basis of Clinical Central Hospital of St. Alexy Metropolitan of Moscow of the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church was created at the Yaroslavl State Medical University. It is the interaction with state, social and confessional structures that allows to solve issues of practical implementation of the skills obtained by volunteers considering a wide range of community demands.
Received: 2023-10-06
Published online: 2023-11-20
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.027
Comments 0
VIEWS 269
Review Medicinal product early access programs: experience of the BRICS group, European Union, and United States of America
Оmelyanovskiy VV, Rukavitsyna NP, Mukhortova PA, Kingshott AA, Zinadinov SI, Kharitonova AG, Minakova EI, Krekhtunova LO, Barysheva VO
Timely accessibility of effective and safe medicinal products is one of the main tasks of healthcare. The goal of the present review is to assess various approaches that provide an early access to medicinal products within the BRICS group (list of participants as of 01.10.2023), European Union and United States of America. The stage of the life cycle of medicinal products is closely associated with their further movement in the market, patient access rate, and partially with the issues of their financing and reimbursement, which directly influence their affordability for population. The article contains data about the specifics of expanded access to unregistered medicinal products used on a compassionate basis and presenting therapy under early access programs financed by pharmaceutical companies; it also describes approaches to accelerated registration and registration of medicinal products in case of limited clinical data. Experience of the reviewed countries in early access programs is described.
Received: 2023-10-31
Published online: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.029
Comments 0
VIEWS 251