Medical Ethics

ISSN Print 2713-0894 ISSN Online 2713-0908

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Issue 1, 2025

Topic Amendments and additions to the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects"

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Issue 4, 2023

Topic Medical ethics as an applied theory of development

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Issue 1, 2024

Topic Development of neurotechnologies. Ethical issues and public discussions

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Issue 2, 2024

Topic Ethical aspects of creating clinical guidelines for practitioners

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Issue 3, 2024

Topic Application of artificial intelligence in healthcare: ethical conclusion

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Issue 4, 2024

Topic Implementation of neurotechnologies. Development of ethical guidelines

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New articles

The article provides a comparative analysis of the Orthodox ethics of the Russian religious philosopher Vladimir Solovyov and the mystical ethics of the Renaissance representative Dante Alighieri. The aim of the study is to identify points of contact between the ethical concepts of these two very different philosophers. Two works were selected for comparison: “Readings on God-Manhood” by V. S. Solovyov and “The Divine Comedy” by Dante. The ethics of man’s abstraction from natural principles and the acquisition of a metaphysical existence by the individual are explored. Three stages of human ethical development are considered in the concept of V. S. Solovyov. It is shown that in the process of ethical development, the human personality perceives the Divine principle and reunites nature with it. It is noted that for Solovyov, ethical development is a positive and objective process — a divine-human process. A significant place is devoted to the symbolic-metaphysical understanding of ethics in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy. It is indicated that Dante shows an inexhaustible source of possibilities for man to overcome the burden of earthly existence and turn to the true ethics of divine revelation. It is concluded that both Dante Alighieri and V. S. Soloviev came to the realization that the religious principle in man is the only real implementation of the free ethical process.

Received: 2025-02-28

Published online: 2025-04-16

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.037

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The article is devoted to Kyrgyz folk medicine and its ethical heritage while revealing traditions and methods used in treatment since ancient times. Traditional Kyrgyz medicine has been closely connected with nature and cultural characteristics of the people when herbs, rituals, physical practices and manual therapy were widely used. Healers passed down their knowledge through the generations, including diagnosis of diseases, use of natural resources and spiritual practices. The influence of modern medicine on natural methods of treatment and related ethical issues have also been reviewed in the article. Examples of traditional methods and their transformation in the context of modern medical practices have been provided. The main attention is paid to synthesis of scientific and folk methods of treatment, opening up new prospects for preservation and development of cultural traditions.

Received: 2024-06-28

Published online: 2025-03-31

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.036

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VIEWS 244

Yunusov AS, Molodtsova EV, Maletina DV, Belavina PI

A patient-physician relationship is regulated by the principles of medical ethics and the Law on Healthcare of the Russian Federation. In pediatric practice, ethical issues are even more important. Pediatric otorhinolaryngology is one of the most popular branches of medicine that diagnoses, treats and prevents diseases of the ear, throat and nose (ENT) in children. ENT diseases are most common in childhood. Pathology of the upper respiratory tract and diseases of the ear and mastoid process account for about 20% of all cases. The prevalence of pediatric otorhinolaryngologic diseases currently accounts for 184 per 1,000 children; however, as they age, the chronic pathology of the ear, throat and nose is increasing. This field has its own unique ethical and legal aspects that require special attention of medical professionals, parents, and legislators. In Russia, ethical and legal issues of pediatric otorhinolaryngology have not been addressed for a long period of time, although it has its own peculiarities due to anatomical and physiological features of a child’s ENT organs. The article provides detailed description of ethical and legal problems in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist and describes how to solve them. Compliance with the rules will improve quality of medical aid among children.

Received: 2025-03-02

Published online: 2025-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.035

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VIEWS 263

Khokholov AL, Chelnokova OG, Skrypnik NV, Dmitrieva AP

An increased number of patients who have tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity with cancer leads to a number of ethical problems. Approaches to treatment of oncological diseases in patients with TB have not been developed yet limiting provision of care to patients with comorbidities. The priority of TB treatment leads to a loss of time spent on treatment of oncological diseases and occurrence of vicious circles when progression of an oncological disease prevents from an effective treatment of TB and initiation of cancer treatment. At the same time, interaction of anti-tuberculosis and antitumor drugs has not been studied, limiting their simultaneous administration. Long-term diagnostics of TB represents an ethical problem. The set problems can be solved during scientific research on TB prevention in cancer patients, treatment of patients with comorbidities and interdisciplinary interaction in practical healthcare on an individual basis.

Received: 2024-12-06

Published online: 2025-03-27

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.034

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VIEWS 225

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Fedorov VN, Korsakov MK, Shetnev AA, Grechischeva OV, Vdovichenko VP, Volkhin NN, Smirnov NA, Khokhlova AA, Arshinov AV

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is a complex and time-consuming process that does not always lead to significant results both due to poor effectiveness of drugs and drug toxicity. It means we need to search for new pharmacological targets to influence the pathological process, one of which is inhibition of proteinase-activated receptors 2 (PAR2 receptors) activity. In 2016–2019, synthesis of low-molecular-weight antagonists of PAR2 receptors belonging to 4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxamide derivatives was carried out, and in 2023 their anti-inflammatory efficacy was examined using the formaldehyde edema model. The most effective laboratory R004 compound was tested on a model of autoimmune pristane-induced inflammation in rats. During treatment of chronic inflammation in rats, R004 inhibited significant development of edema of feet, damage to small joints, and specific changes in the formula of white blood, and according to biochemical blood test led to normalization of liver and kidney functions and energy metabolism. R004 turned out to be more effective and safer than the comparator drugs such as diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone.

Received: 2024-10-29

Published online: 2024-12-13

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.022

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Mylnikova IS, Mylnikova MA, Shkolnikova EA

Patient-centredness is a relatively new proof-of-concept setting associated with the concept of quality of medical care, which gradually becomes a new moral standard of medical practice. We conducted a study of the attitude of the younger generation of doctors (graduate students and residents of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University and RUDN, 2024) towards patient-centredness. They were offered a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions on different aspects of patient-centred communication. 155 completed questionnaires were received. The answers indicated that many young doctors are familiar with the concept of patient-centred approach and practice patient-centred communication skills. At the same time, many people feel a lack of training in this area and realize their vulnerability in communicating with the patient. At the same time, the survey revealed paternalistic attitudes in more than half of the respondents. It can be concluded that young doctors need not only mastering the skills of patient-centred communication, but also a deeper study of the moral foundations of patient-centredness, which can be implemented within the training courses in bioethics, as well as while teaching clinical disciplines.

Received: 2024-10-22

Published online: 2024-12-17

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2024.023

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VIEWS 409