The article provides a comparative analysis of the Orthodox ethics of the Russian religious philosopher Vladimir Solovyov and the mystical ethics of the Renaissance representative Dante Alighieri. The aim of the study is to identify points of contact between the ethical concepts of these two very different philosophers. Two works were selected for comparison: “Readings on God-Manhood” by V. S. Solovyov and “The Divine Comedy” by Dante. The ethics of man’s abstraction from natural principles and the acquisition of a metaphysical existence by the individual are explored. Three stages of human ethical development are considered in the concept of V. S. Solovyov. It is shown that in the process of ethical development, the human personality perceives the Divine principle and reunites nature with it. It is noted that for Solovyov, ethical development is a positive and objective process — a divine-human process. A significant place is devoted to the symbolic-metaphysical understanding of ethics in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy. It is indicated that Dante shows an inexhaustible source of possibilities for man to overcome the burden of earthly existence and turn to the true ethics of divine revelation. It is concluded that both Dante Alighieri and V. S. Soloviev came to the realization that the religious principle in man is the only real implementation of the free ethical process.
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A patient-physician relationship is regulated by the principles of medical ethics and the Law on Healthcare of the Russian Federation. In pediatric practice, ethical issues are even more important. Pediatric otorhinolaryngology is one of the most popular branches of medicine that diagnoses, treats and prevents diseases of the ear, throat and nose (ENT) in children. ENT diseases are most common in childhood. Pathology of the upper respiratory tract and diseases of the ear and mastoid process account for about 20% of all cases. The prevalence of pediatric otorhinolaryngologic diseases currently accounts for 184 per 1,000 children; however, as they age, the chronic pathology of the ear, throat and nose is increasing. This field has its own unique ethical and legal aspects that require special attention of medical professionals, parents, and legislators. In Russia, ethical and legal issues of pediatric otorhinolaryngology have not been addressed for a long period of time, although it has its own peculiarities due to anatomical and physiological features of a child’s ENT organs. The article provides detailed description of ethical and legal problems in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist and describes how to solve them. Compliance with the rules will improve quality of medical aid among children.
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At the end of the 20th century, a number of post‑Soviet states faced multicultural conflicts or civil wars. Military actions in Abkhazia, Transnistria, and Tajikistan received widespread coverage in the Russian press of that time. Meanwhile, efforts of medical professionals to localize the mentioned and some other conflicts are often ignored by domestic and foreign researchers. In the early 1990s, the independent international periodical Meditsinskaya Gazeta repeatedly mentioned that the wounded and sick military personnel received assistance from doctors on the front line or in rear hospitals. The newspaper also mentioned the help provided by Russian doctors to the civilian population in the notorious flashpoints. Some of its publications reported on the most successful and complex operations carried out by Russian specialists during those years. In those years, Meditsinskaya Gazeta also reported on the doctors who distinguished themselves during active hostilities or on the fight against epidemics. The newspaper took up a pronounced peace‑loving position. The result of the practical activities of Russian doctors in the military operations of the post‑Soviet space in the 1990s was not only saving the lives of wounded servicemen and civilians, but also an attempt to unite the efforts of the medical community of the CIS countries to restore peaceful life in flashpoints, prevent epidemic outbreaks and successfully combat numerous infectious diseases.
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One of the important factors of medical deontology is the focus of a healthcare professional on the health of patients and colleagues in case of increased infectious morbidity within the framework of limiting transmission of an infectious agent. The aim of the study was to assess the true frequency of regulated use of PPE, including in the provision of medical care to patients with COVID-19, and compliance with the isolation regimen in case of respiratory illness among health workers. The study was conducted using the Internet (the questionnaire is posted on ancetolog.ru) from January to March 2022 (ongoing COVID-19 pandemic). Survey data of 3,570 respondents was analyzed in accordance with the quality criteria for filling out the questionnaires. The overwhelming majority of the respondents were women, 63.6% (2,269 people) and 36.4% (1,299 people) were men, the average age of the respondents was 38.9 ± 14.22 years. Non-compliance with the rules of wearing PPE was detected for every fourth respondent (24.9%), 4.1% refused to wear PPE, and 7% complied with the rules of wearing PPE in the workplace only when their non-compliance could be noticed. The data we have obtained indicates that a quarter of health workers do not follow professional ethics in the framework of preventive measures to reduce infectious diseases, threatening the health of colleagues and patients by their behavior in the workplace.
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