Medical Ethics

ISSN Print 2713-0894 ISSN Online 2713-0908

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Chelnokova OG, Khokholov AL, Mozzhukhina LI, Salova AL

In latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), there are no clinical or radiographic symptoms of active tuberculosis (TB), although immunological tests are positive. Meanwhile, the risk of progression from LTBI to active TB remains high, especially in children. It is estimated that a quarter of the world’s population has LTBI. Identifying LTBI as a predictor of active TB represents a major public health achievement, as preventive activities can help stop the spread of TB in many cases. Phthisiologists specialize in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of children with LTBI. Because the process is prolonged, pediatricians actively monitor and care for somatic issues in children with LTBI. During examination and treatment, both doctors and patients — together with their parents — may encounter numerous ethically challenging situations that significantly affect the quality of medical care and treatment outcomes for children with LTBI.

Received: 2025-06-10

Published online: 2025-10-08

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.018

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VIEWS 71

Sokolova OV, Smirnova AV, Isaeva IYu, Alekseeva KS

In this article, the issues of digital literacy that arise during communication of medical and pharmaceutical workers have been reviewed. The right for digital literacy, access to education that improves comprehension and develops digital skills while using medical information systems relates to one of the issues. The goal of the research is to assess digital literacy of healthcare professionals, which is essential for professional interaction during clinical research. Applicable laws and scientific publications regulating healthcare digitalization were used as instructional material. Circulation of medicinal preparations used in clinical research was examined through summary reports of medical companies in 2022–2024. Data from registered databases served as a basis for sociological research to determine digital literacy of professionals. According to the survey results, over 90.0% of respondents have computer-assisted workplaces, about 50.0% of them assessed their level of digital competence as average, and 67.4% need to improve their digital literacy. Optimal organizational solutions allow to improve digital literacy of all healthcare professionals producing a positive effect on ethics of professional interaction.

Received: 2025-09-09

Published online: 2025-09-29

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.017

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VIEWS 109

Gabidullina LF, Kotlovsky MYu

Rapid integration of large language models (LLM) into healthcare gives rise to acute ethical dilemmas and practical risks. The principal issue is associated with trust of medical professionals, patients and developers in the models, as well as with the potential violation of medical ethics. In the article, key challenges are analyzed including critical importance of trust (depending on LLM data quality), disturbance of informed consent and autonomy of a patient due to the lack of transparency and excessive trust in AI algorithms. Particular attention is given to the risks of confidential medical data protection, which is confirmed by non-authorized transfer of data while using generally accessible LLM. The need to develop transparent, safe and ethically regulated solutions for LLM is medicine is prioritized.

Received: 2025-07-23

Published online: 2025-09-22

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.016

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VIEWS 164

Tereshkova VV, Tereshkova EA, Firsov DE

Human spaceflight involves several risks that significantly impact the future of space programs. Space radiation, weightlessness, loss of muscle mass, hearing impairment, etc. have significant negative effects on the human body in space environment. Additional questions are associated with inevitable evolution of human-machine interaction in those areas where the presence of a researcher is hardly possible yet. Thus, advancements in biology, medicine, and psychology significantly contribute to the success of space projects by addressing the human adaptation to spaceflight both in physiological and spiritual terms. The potential of space biology, space medicine, and space psychology as “human sciences” shapes the future of scientific research and practical solutions for the exploration of near and far space based on extensive data both on physiological and psychological capabilities of humans, and their spiritual resources, which together determine the ability to adapt to a new physical and cultural reality.

Received: 2025-07-18

Published online: 2025-09-18

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.015

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VIEWS 139

In modern healthcare, high quality of medical care is one of the key components of successful treatment and improved patient satisfaction. The quality of dental services is not just about accuracy of technical services and professionalism of doctors; it is also associated with maintaining ethical standards and principles that build trust and respect with patients. Ethical aspects in healthcare are essential for guiding the professional conduct of medical professionals proving that they should be involved in the educational process. Future dentists learn about standards of care at departments of public health and healthcare through a complex approach consisting of acquisition of technical and clinical knowledge, and building ethical awareness. This approach shapes a competent specialist who is able to make better decisions in complex and ambiguous situations, addressing patient interests and social values. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to explore the role of ethics in teaching quality standards in dental care, to identify the main challenges and whether it is possible to integrate ethical principles into education. The research objectives include analysis of theoretical foundations of ethics and quality in dentistry, identification of methodological approaches to teaching ethical aspects, as well as discussion of practical recommendations on effective formation of professional competencies among students. The topic is relevant because of increased demands on medical care quality, protection of patients’ rights, and need in specialists who can deliver high-quality and ethically responsible dental care. The aim of the article is to ensure development of pedagogical practices at departments of public health and healthcare and to form the basis for further research in the field of ethical education of medical personnel.

Received: 2025-07-24

Published online: 2025-09-08

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.014

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VIEWS 198

Pleshchev IE, Nikolenko VN, Achkasov EE, Shkrebko AN

Human genome research in sports brings about complex ethical questions related to genetic manipulation for enhancement of performance among athletes. Genes enhancing raises concerns about fairness, equality, and respect for human dignity. This review explores the ethical aspects of human genome research in sports and its potential effect on the integrity of sports. Methodologically, this article provides a systematic analysis of scientific publications and expert insights to explore the ethical challenges of athletic genetics. This study extensively examined the current literature on genetics and sports performance, as well as ethical contradictions in modern science and sports. The literature was searched using Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keywords included “genetics”, “sports performance”, “ethics”, “bioethics”, “genetic testing”, “human rights”, “sports”. The searching strategy was formulated without time constraints. Thus, both recent and fundamental works in this direction could be included. In conclusion, it is stated in this review that genetic technologies in sports should be developed and applied in accordance with ethical considerations. It is crucial because this is how fundamental principles of fairness, equality, and respect for human dignity can be supported. The review stresses the importance of an open dialogue about the potential influence of genetic advancements on athletic performance, future generations, and integrity of sports.

Received: 2025-07-16

Published online: 2025-08-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.013

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VIEWS 237

In this article, the evolution of ethics in traumatology and orthopedics is explored. Timeline history of medical ethics, from ancient postulates to modern professional codes, is discussed. The fundamental principles of modern bioethics are delved into. These include respect for patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality and professional responsibility in treating patients with injuries. Particular attention is paid to communication, practical application of ethics in the clinical examination, and continuity of care. The final section highlights the emerging ethical challenges of the 21st century associated with the technological progress, allocation of resources and palliative care in traumatology. The article demonstrates that the doctor–patient relationship has moved from a paternalism-based model to one with active involvement of a patient in the process of treatment.

Received: 2025-07-24

Published online: 2025-08-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.012

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VIEWS 203

Along with well-known scientists who dealt with the issues of medical ethics, writers, some of whom were also medical doctors, made a significant contribution to the development of the field under study as well. The surviving pieces of writing are highly valuable not only for Russian culture but also for sciences, especially for biomedical, social and humanitarian sciences. The stories of Anton Chekhov, a doctor, a writer and a public figure of the second half of the 19th century, made a significant contribution to Russian and global culture. Chekhov’s correspondence with his family members and notable figures of that time is an independent layer for researchers. To date, they have been important sources for historians, cultural scientists, health care organizers, lawyers, and specialists in ethics.

Received: 2025-06-02

Published online: 2025-08-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.011

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VIEWS 256