Biography of Sergey Spasokukotsky, the outstanding Russian surgeon, is closely related to the Yaroslavl Territory. He spent his childhood in the Danilovsky region, coming from a large and friendly family of a zemstvo doctor. In 1880–1888, he studied at the Men’s Gymnasium after his family had moved to Yaroslavl. The building now belongs to the Yaroslavl State Medical University where a representative of his scientific school, Professor Busalov AA, worked decades later. Life and activity of Sergey Spasokukotsky represent a bright example of unselfish service to medicine. Being a graduate of the Emperor’s Moscow University, he had a chance to continue his medical career in Moscow but went to the province where he worked as a zemstvo doctor for many years, actively implementing advance achievements of medicine into abdominal surgery, neurosurgery, pulmonary surgery, creating novel and modifying available surgeries. S. Spasokukotsky and his student developed an affordable and effective method of preparing a surgeon’s hands for a surgery with 0.5% ammonia solution (method by Spasokukotsky and Kochergyn). The scientific and practical activities of Sergey Spasokukotsky resulted in the development of a large scientific school with an ultimate scientific social responsibility, originality, great depth and boldness while solving the issues of surgical pathology.