The article reveals the significance of the Nuremberg Trials for rethinking the moral foundations of medicine, investigates the role of the Nuremberg Code in the establishment of voluntary informed consent as a mandatory component of clinical trials and procedures and assesses the impact thereof on the international legal regulation of healthcare. The authors emphasize the importance of the Nuremberg lessons for understanding the ethical challenges that came into foreground in the 21st century due to the development of artificial intelligence, human genome editing technologies and the emergence of the new forms of parenting largely backed by the new reproductive technologies.