No properly formed and subsequent regulation concept has been presented until now by a number of the issues, which are essential for the pharmaceutical branch. Development and a complex structure of the state regional retail market of medicines, including the activity objects as part of organizations with various organizational and legal forms managed or coordinated by representatives of public entities, have been reviewed in complex within the trial. The model of the structure of the state segment considering organizational and legal interactions used during examination of the regional pharmaceutical market in the Kostroma region has been suggested. Distribution of objects within the state segment structure was analyzed. The differences in the strategies of functioning and development of the state and private segments of the regional retail market of medicines have been identified. Legal preconditions and social and economic conditions of the growing role of healthcare institutions in the system of drug supply of population have been designated. It has been established that the tendencies intensifying participation of the state in the system of drug supply to ensure proper management of budgetary resources and risk prevention were accompanied by previously adopted extra-branch changes of legislation. This could result in reduction of the state segment in economics that would inevitably lead to serious changes in the structure of the pharmaceutical market and redistribution of social load among its participants [2]. A serious understanding of prospects of functioning of the state segment of retail trade of medicines is required both at the level of regulatory agencies and within the professional community considering the preservation of social services of medicinal aid and decreased risks of negative phenomena on the pharmaceutical market.