At present, neurotechnologies are emerging rapidly. The scope of state and private investment in the trend, which is the investment priority, is growing steadily. Interstate, national initiatives and public-private alliances for their development are created. Meanwhile, a significant potential of neurotechnologies consists not only in treatment of a wide specter of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, but also in improvement of human nature. At the same time, uncontrolled use of these technologies can violate fundamental rights. This raises the questions associated with accessibility and potential use of neurotechnologies to improve the human nature. It can produce a deep effect both on certain people, and the entire society. Development of neurotechnologies requires a highly organized approach on the part of ethics and morality with subsequent fixation of these provisions in the legislative and regulatory acts. International, state and non-governmental organizations play a great role in this case.