This article is one in a sequence of publications in the Journal of Medical Ethics focused on the integrity of healthcare research. Our first article in the series on integrity in modern biomedical science briefly reviewed the main stages of the global think tank development calling to attention of a wide range of specialists from local ethical committees, editorial boards of biomedical journals, and experts of scientific funds who determine the research priorities and fund studies. In this article, we concentrated on the specific contribution and pioneering function of the Cochrane collaboration in developing scientific research integrity principles.