Copyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee: Pirogov University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Placebo and the double standard of care in clinical trials: when inequality becomes an ethical premise using inequality as an ethical justification

Gidirim UO , Beliaeva AM
About authors

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Correspondence should be addressed: Anastasia M Beliaeva
Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia; moc.liamg@ztivonerug

About paper

Author contribution: Gidirim UO — concept development and text writing, Beliaeva AM — writing and editing.

Received: 2026-03-13 Accepted: 2026-04-20 Published online: 2026-05-21
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