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OPINION
Professional stigmatization of specialists in tuberculosis care: ethical analysis and ways to overcome it
Compliance with ethical standards: the paper does not contain results of studies involving patients, healthy volunteers, or animals conducted by the authors; approval from the local ethics committee was not required. The case studies presented in the paper are generalized and depersonalized, do not contain information that would allow for the identification of specific patients or healthcare professionals, and are provided solely as illustrative examples to conduct ethical analysis.
This study examines how stigmas among specialists in tuberculosis care (phthisiologists) make the profession less popular and result in emotional burnout. The professional stigma is based on several factors such as the fear of contamination in an institution with inadequate infectious safety standards; transfer of social stigmas about tuberculosis (viewing it strictly as a disease of poverty and social dysfunction) onto healthcare professionals; an underestimation of the complexity of phthisiology as a contemporary, high-tech medical field; and a deficit in organizational protection for healthcare personnel. It is essential to differentiate between reasonable caution and stigma. Thus, a rational response to the professional risk is represented by infectious control rather than by social distancing. Reasonable response to the risk is to make infectious control perfect and protect the rights of the personnel instead of alienating and devaluing the profession. A combination of measures can make the problem less acute. The combination can include information and educational programs, safe labor conditions, confidentiality warranties, protection against workplace violence, a fair distribution of workload, and the formal recognition of phthisiology as a comprehensive, high-tech clinical discipline This approach enhances not only the well-being of staff and staff retention in tuberculosis services, but also strengthens trust of patients, improves the quality of care, and facilitates the achievement of broader healthcare objectives in global tuberculosis control.
Keywords: tuberculosis, infectious safety, professional burnout, medical ethics, phthisiology, professional stigma, discrimination, rights of medical staff