Medical Ethics

ISSN Print 2713-0894 ISSN Online 2713-0908

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Firsov DE

Intensive development of modern science expands the scope of bioethical issues. Debates on ethical aspects of bioinformatics, neurotechnology, genetics, bioeconomics, ethics of preclinical and clinical trials are actively developing. Axiology of bioethics is of particular relevance. It is the structure of valuable categories that determines the priorities of ‘human science’ development taking into account the historical experience of interaction between a person and community, and criteria of civilized changes in the actual and perspective (prognostic) sense. Development of bioethical axiology is influenced by the challenges of technological development of the current decade, the issues that objectively demand a reaction on the part of the state and society. One of the main tasks of modern bioethics is to develop bioethical thinking, and grounds for using bioethical axiology in the scientific process. Health axiology, which represents a fixed conscious attitude to the issues of health developed during the academic process to be subsequently used during a labor process, is practical expression of bioethical thinking. Bioethical dialogue is essential as it urges young perspective specialists to examine novel bioethical scientific issues and achieve technological country-specific goals. Focus on young scientist’s potential totally corresponds to the cross-cutting goal of axiological, prognostic and educational tasks of bioethics. Bioethical thinking is developed based on the experience of the school of ethics of scientific research, which is an educational project intended for young Russian researchers.

Received: 2024-02-05

Published online: 2024-03-04

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.035

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VIEWS 1810

Shereshneva MV, Ilyin MV

In cardiac surgery, patient’s awareness and consent to surgery are problematic as due to the lack of previous medical background a patient can’t understand the processes occurring in the body and effects of exposure on them. Thus, provision of sufficient information by a doctor is a part of safe surgical strategy. An open randomized prospective trial involving 89 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) was conducted. High rate of blood oxidation is believed to be an independent predictor of cognitive dysfunction development during the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Determination of blood oxidation rate is a tool of risk management during cardiac surgery starting from the stage of preoperative preparation, which is optimal to implement a safe strategy, including psychological and drug-induced support of the patient aimed at prevention of cognitive disturbances.

Received: 2023-11-26

Published online: 2024-02-27

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.034

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VIEWS 1456

Shereshneva MV, Ilyin MV

Exposure on key modified risk factors, mainly hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, is an essential component of successful management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). As far as the concept of cardiovascular continuum goes, the predisposing behavioral factors that contribute to the development of these abnormal conditions include smoking, hypodynamia and obesity. Oxidative stress is closely associated with atherogenesis at every stage of progression. An open non-randomized prospective study is conducted. An observational group includes 89 patients with stable CAD. Key risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and their correlation with the values of induced blood oxidation were analyzed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between hypercholesteremia and coefficient of oxidative activity (r = 0.22), smoking and initial rate of blood oxidation (r = 0.24), maximum rate of blood oxidation (r = 0.25), coefficient of oxidative activity (r = 0.24), diabetes mellitus and time of the initiation period (r = 0.25); negative correlation between smoking and time of the initiation period (r = –0.4) were detected. The results obtained show there is a correlation between a lifestyle and oxidative status of patients with stable CAD. Thus, influence on behavioral risk factors is the most important task of management of patients with cardiovascular pathology.

Received: 2023-11-26

Published online: 2023-12-29

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.033

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VIEWS 1586

Lileeva EG, Speshilova SA, Zinoveva MA

Alcohol currently contributes to 5% of the overall global burden of diseases and injuries. Alcohol consumption results in death and disability at young age. Medicinal products approved for treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome include disulfiram, Naltrexone, Cyanamid and nalmefene. Variability of a patient-to-patient pharmacotherapy therapeutic effect can also be associated with genetic causes. Examination of the system of pharmacogenetic markers in narcology will be used to provide for preliminary prognosis of effectiveness and tolerance of medicinal products during personalized anti-relapse (supporting) therapy to support and prolong remission in patients with alcohol dependence.

Received: 2023-10-13

Published online: 2023-12-21

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.032

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VIEWS 1411

Borzova MA, Kalinichenko VV, Kolbin AS

The real-world data (RWD) constitute a modern trend in the healthcare system and in the structure of taking decisions. The trend is being actively developed in the Russian Federation. Ethical aspects of these trials and legal regulation of RWD are, however, still unresolved. In this paper, development of the legal field and national regulation of RWD in Russia is discussed during registration, assessment of healthcare technologies, management of patient registries, and development of clinical recommendations. It is shown that the acting regulatory field of the Russian Federation contains no bans on the use of RWD to support regulatory decisions. Nevertheless, the existing legal laws set limited opportunities for practical application and accounting of RWD by the competent authority. In conclusion, recommendations on further development of RWD legal field in Russia are provided.

Received: 2023-10-14

Published online: 2023-12-10

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.031

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VIEWS 1814

Alzubaidi AK

The article provides answers to immediate questions associated with the state regulation of confidentiality of information and exchange of data in the era of digital healthcare. The institute of medical confidentiality which originated in the ancient world is still evolving throughout the development of medical law. In the current era of global digitalization, however, the issues related to data confidentiality have become more relevant than ever. With all the modern technologies and digital health care platforms on the rise, new challenges associated with protection of these patients are emerging. To ensure the reliable protection of patient’s personal and medical information, doctors and medical institutions have to meet data security standards. It becomes vital to develop effective strategies and mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access and data leakage due to a larger volume of electronic medical records and digital data exchange. Strict rules and standards regulating collection, storage and transfer of medical data belong to a key aspect in this area. The Russian Federation is making great efforts to create the legislation which could protect the rights of patients and made medical establishments to follow the high standards of confidentiality, and to develop technical aids that provide data encryption and protection against hacker attacks.

Received: 2023-10-14

Published online: 2023-12-06

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.030

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VIEWS 2031

Оmelyanovskiy VV, Rukavitsyna NP, Mukhortova PA, Kingshott AA, Zinadinov SI, Kharitonova AG, Minakova EI, Krekhtunova LO, Barysheva VO

Timely accessibility of effective and safe medicinal products is one of the main tasks of healthcare. The goal of the present review is to assess various approaches that provide an early access to medicinal products within the BRICS group (list of participants as of 01.10.2023), European Union and United States of America. The stage of the life cycle of medicinal products is closely associated with their further movement in the market, patient access rate, and partially with the issues of their financing and reimbursement, which directly influence their affordability for population. The article contains data about the specifics of expanded access to unregistered medicinal products used on a compassionate basis and presenting therapy under early access programs financed by pharmaceutical companies; it also describes approaches to accelerated registration and registration of medicinal products in case of limited clinical data. Experience of the reviewed countries in early access programs is described.

Received: 2023-10-31

Published online: 2023-11-27

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.029

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VIEWS 1674

Deeva VA, Guseva EV, Demуanov VS, Isaeva PA, Polushkina MA, Ruck DM, Tihonova AS, Kim TG

The article is devoted to ethical aspects of bedside training. Education of future specialists in the clinical setting is important to acquire knowledge, skills, professional competencies and to form clinical thinking. Transfer of professional medical experience occurs simultaneous to the development of communication skills which are required to deal with patients, their relatives, colleagues and mentors. It is about comprehension of how the normal standards of medical deontology are implemented in real practice and how important the effective therapeutic alliance is while interacting with the patient. Though bedside training is a long-standing tradition of medical education, the origins of which are associated with the Ancient Greek Healing Practices, it is not always understood and supported by patients and their relatives, and requires students to get more familiar with ethical standards regulating similar education and their behavior within a medical group and institution.

Received: 2023-10-31

Published online: 2023-11-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2023.028

Comments 0

VIEWS 1796