Medical Ethics

ISSN Print 2713-0894 ISSN Online 2713-0908

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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Firsov DE, Miroshnikov AE, Pozdnyakov NO

The article reviews the edition known as ‘Ethical Examination in Biomedical Research: Practical Considerations’ (third edition, revised and enlarged) under the general editorship of Professor Khokhlov AL, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Due to a constantly growing number of clinical trials of medicinal products and improved level and quality of medical technologies, the role of an ethical examination aimed at compliance with ethical rights of trial participants and consumers, and safety aspects is increased. The article sums up what was described in the published edition.

Received: 2022-01-20

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2022.038

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VIEWS 707

Guryleva ME, Nezhmetdinova FT

New forms of medical aid have been widely used in the presence of global digital transformation of medicine. This concerns not only medical equipment and ensuring access to health services, but also the entire healthcare system and doctor‑patient relationship. It’s impossible to imagine modern medicine without digital decisions. Digitalization of the available information and making it available for all participants of the doctor‑p atient system form the basis of subsequent development of clinical practice, breakthrough in scientific research, improved patient‑ centered healthcare, and comfort of system operation for people. This requires a general culture of values and ethical standards that should correspond to digital decisions. The article deals with the reasons for actualization of remote forms of doctor‑p atient communication during the COVID‑19 pandemic illustrated by telemedicine. Principle forms of telemedicine under modern conditions caused not only by the pandemic but also by digital transformation of medicine have been reviewed. Special attention is given to possibilities of telemedicine from the point of view of benefit, as well as to legal and ethical aspects from the point of view of risks.

Received: 2022-01-23

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2022.039

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VIEWS 1279

Kozlova OV, Khristenko DN

In the modern world, a human being comes across the double absolute priority given to the values of medical ethics. On the one hand, moral ideals are metaphysical by nature. On the other hand, a human being treats ethical standards of medical ethics pragmatically. In this aspect, the key players of the ancient world who developed the metaphysical basics of medical ethics were especially important. The study is aimed at determining the contribution of ancient thinkers into development of fundamental basics of medical ethics. The works of ancient thinkers were taken as materials for the study. The study methods are represented by system analysis, dialectic method, phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches that enable to interpret the ideas of thinkers in relation to creating the basics of medical ethics. It has been established during the study that thinking based on the integration of rational, empirical and metaphysical principles has been developed in the ancient world. Metaphysical provisions of Plato and Aristotle manifested through the works of Galen make it is possible to conclude on eclectic philosophical views of Claudius Galen. Eclecticism is not just about plain borrowing of ideas, but about new fusion of physics, logics, and metaphysics in relation to understanding human health and disease. It can be stated that the first stage of nature cognition (natural philosophy) is the most important stage of developing sense-making basics of medical ethics. This period turns into a starting point for the emerging basics of fused humanitarian and natural science- based knowledge and formation of medical ethics principles.

Received: 2022-01-17

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2022.035

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VIEWS 640

Dvornikov AS, Minkina OV, Grebenshchikova EG, Vvedenskaya EV, Mylnikova IS

The article deals with ethical aspects of physician-patient relationship in dermatology, and demonstrates their influence on success of diagnostic and treatment activities and level of satisfaction with quality of medical services. Special attention is paid to the specific nature of bioethical issues in dermatology, associated with visuality and peculiarities of the course of disease, emotional and physiological background and coexisting disorders. Special priority is given to effective strategies of physician-patient communication, respect for patient autonomy and protection of confidentiality both in clinical practice, and on the Internet. It is shown that linking personal and strategic social media accounts raises a number of ethical and legal issues, associated with obtaining voluntary informed consent, compliance with standards of corporate ethics, and perception of medical information by non-professional audience. In conclusion, compliance with principles and rules of biomedical ethics is important to set constructive relations in clinical dermatological practice, ensure social trust in medicine and prepare future specialists. It is also important to discuss ethical issues in a professional community, slowly forming an interdisciplinary space of communication between physicians, health officials, specialists in bioethics, medical law, psychology and sociology of medicine.

Received: 2022-01-19

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2022.037

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VIEWS 1083

Fedorov VN, Petrovskii AK, Vdovichenko VP, Zakharova MN, Arshinov AV

In developed countries, mortality from cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) is about 12%, which is second only to mortality from cardiovascular diseases. In order to make treatment of CVD successful, a complex approach to the problem is required with compensation for cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, rheological properties of blood, etc.), elimination of neurological and psychopathological syndromes, improvement of cerebral circulation and use of neurotropic agents. The use of neurotropic agents by a practicing physician is complicated due to the lack of a clear classification reflecting their position and significance in CVD treatment. It is suggested that taking into account the predominant mechanism of action targeting for a pathological process, neurotropic agents should be divided into 4 groups such as neuroprotectors, neurometabolics, nootropics and neurotrophic agents (direct activators of neutrophin synthesis in the brain). The last group is related to analogues of regulatory peptides and shares positive properties with medicinal agents from other groups: they have the properties of primary and secondary neuroprotectors, neurometabolics, and produce a positive effect on cognitive functions of a healthy and sick person. Heptapeptide Semax is a typical agent belonging to this group.

Received: 2022-01-20

Published online: 2022-03-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2022.036

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VIEWS 890

Gayduk AYa, Vlasov YaV, Churakov MV, Polyarnaya NG, Sineok EV

The article discusses the most unfavorable course of multiple sclerosis — the secondary progressive form. In the course of the study, conducted by a questionnaire survey of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and specialists from multiple sclerosis centers from 15 regions of Russia, medical, labor and other characteristics of patients, their problems and needs, subjective attitude to the effectiveness of therapy and rehabilitation were clarified. The main, according to doctors, defects in the organization of medical care for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis have been identified. In conclusion, it was concluded that there is a significant variability in the social status and living conditions of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. The authors consider the registration in the Russian Federation of highly effective drugs for the treatment of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis to be one of the most important measures.

Received: 2021-10-07

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2021.031

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VIEWS 767

The article deals with the problem of ethical ambiguity of VR Potter’s approaches to the tasks of the civilization development associated with “dangerous knowledge”, primarily to demographic issues. The purpose of the study is to identify the methodological basis for a number of discussion theses in the program book by VR Potter “Bioethics: Bridge to the Futur”. Material of the work is presented by VR Potter’s “Bioethics: Bridge to the Future”. The research was performed using the comparative- historical and cause-and-effect analysis. The paper analyzes the significance of the “dangerous knowledge” considered by VR Potter as part of the humanistic content of bioethics. The author comes to the conclusion that the discussion theses of VR Potter’s bioethical concept are based on the methodological ‘realism’ of an expert who considered the current problems of society in the context of the rationalism of civilization.

Received: 2021-10-03

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2021.030

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VIEWS 696

Shereshneva MV, Ilyin MV

Coronary heart disease (CHD), being one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life. The purpose of the work was to study the dynamics of quality of life indicators in patients with CHD during surgical revascularization of myocardium depending on the presence or absence of old myocardial infarction. 68 patients with CHD were examined, including 57 (83.8%) patients with old myocardial infarction (old MI) and 11 (16.2%) patients in the absence of old MI. There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life, both in the physical and psychoemotional spheres, in patients with stable coronary heart disease including those with a history of myocardial infarction. No effect of old MI on quality of life in patients after myocardial revascularization surgery was observed.

Received: 2021-10-09

Published online: 2021-12-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2021.033

Comments 0

VIEWS 672