Along with well-known scientists who dealt with the issues of medical ethics, writers, some of whom were also medical doctors, made a significant contribution to the development of the field under study as well. The surviving pieces of writing are highly valuable not only for Russian culture but also for sciences, especially for biomedical, social and humanitarian sciences. The stories of Anton Chekhov, a doctor, a writer and a public figure of the second half of the 19th century, made a significant contribution to Russian and global culture. Chekhov’s correspondence with his family members and notable figures of that time is an independent layer for researchers. To date, they have been important sources for historians, cultural scientists, health care organizers, lawyers, and specialists in ethics.