In this article, the evolution of ethics in traumatology and orthopedics is explored. Timeline history of medical ethics, from ancient postulates to modern professional codes, is discussed. The fundamental principles of modern bioethics are delved into. These include respect for patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality and professional responsibility in treating patients with injuries. Particular attention is paid to communication, practical application of ethics in the clinical examination, and continuity of care. The final section highlights the emerging ethical challenges of the 21st century associated with the technological progress, allocation of resources and palliative care in traumatology. The article demonstrates that the doctor–patient relationship has moved from a paternalism-based model to one with active involvement of a patient in the process of treatment.