Medical Ethics

ISSN Print 2713-0894 ISSN Online 2713-0908

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF ERMC EASTERN EUROPEAN

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In modern healthcare, high quality of medical care is one of the key components of successful treatment and improved patient satisfaction. The quality of dental services is not just about accuracy of technical services and professionalism of doctors; it is also associated with maintaining ethical standards and principles that build trust and respect with patients. Ethical aspects in healthcare are essential for guiding the professional conduct of medical professionals proving that they should be involved in the educational process. Future dentists learn about standards of care at departments of public health and healthcare through a complex approach consisting of acquisition of technical and clinical knowledge, and building ethical awareness. This approach shapes a competent specialist who is able to make better decisions in complex and ambiguous situations, addressing patient interests and social values. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to explore the role of ethics in teaching quality standards in dental care, to identify the main challenges and whether it is possible to integrate ethical principles into education. The research objectives include analysis of theoretical foundations of ethics and quality in dentistry, identification of methodological approaches to teaching ethical aspects, as well as discussion of practical recommendations on effective formation of professional competencies among students. The topic is relevant because of increased demands on medical care quality, protection of patients’ rights, and need in specialists who can deliver high-quality and ethically responsible dental care. The aim of the article is to ensure development of pedagogical practices at departments of public health and healthcare and to form the basis for further research in the field of ethical education of medical personnel.

Received: 2025-07-24

Published online: 2025-09-08

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.014

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VIEWS 332

Pleshchev IE, Nikolenko VN, Achkasov EE, Shkrebko AN

Human genome research in sports brings about complex ethical questions related to genetic manipulation for enhancement of performance among athletes. Genes enhancing raises concerns about fairness, equality, and respect for human dignity. This review explores the ethical aspects of human genome research in sports and its potential effect on the integrity of sports. Methodologically, this article provides a systematic analysis of scientific publications and expert insights to explore the ethical challenges of athletic genetics. This study extensively examined the current literature on genetics and sports performance, as well as ethical contradictions in modern science and sports. The literature was searched using Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Keywords included “genetics”, “sports performance”, “ethics”, “bioethics”, “genetic testing”, “human rights”, “sports”. The searching strategy was formulated without time constraints. Thus, both recent and fundamental works in this direction could be included. In conclusion, it is stated in this review that genetic technologies in sports should be developed and applied in accordance with ethical considerations. It is crucial because this is how fundamental principles of fairness, equality, and respect for human dignity can be supported. The review stresses the importance of an open dialogue about the potential influence of genetic advancements on athletic performance, future generations, and integrity of sports.

Received: 2025-07-16

Published online: 2025-08-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.013

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VIEWS 458

In this article, the evolution of ethics in traumatology and orthopedics is explored. Timeline history of medical ethics, from ancient postulates to modern professional codes, is discussed. The fundamental principles of modern bioethics are delved into. These include respect for patient autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality and professional responsibility in treating patients with injuries. Particular attention is paid to communication, practical application of ethics in the clinical examination, and continuity of care. The final section highlights the emerging ethical challenges of the 21st century associated with the technological progress, allocation of resources and palliative care in traumatology. The article demonstrates that the doctor–patient relationship has moved from a paternalism-based model to one with active involvement of a patient in the process of treatment.

Received: 2025-07-24

Published online: 2025-08-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.012

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VIEWS 300

Along with well-known scientists who dealt with the issues of medical ethics, writers, some of whom were also medical doctors, made a significant contribution to the development of the field under study as well. The surviving pieces of writing are highly valuable not only for Russian culture but also for sciences, especially for biomedical, social and humanitarian sciences. The stories of Anton Chekhov, a doctor, a writer and a public figure of the second half of the 19th century, made a significant contribution to Russian and global culture. Chekhov’s correspondence with his family members and notable figures of that time is an independent layer for researchers. To date, they have been important sources for historians, cultural scientists, health care organizers, lawyers, and specialists in ethics.

Received: 2025-06-02

Published online: 2025-08-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.011

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VIEWS 440

The article examines the relationship between religious values and rational principles of science. The purpose of the study is to identify common grounds of religion and scientific rationality to determine the foundations of medical ethics. The article examines the concept by Kavelin KD in relation to opinions of modern philosophers. Religion educates a moral person and provides guidelines for medical ethics, medicine and scientific knowledge, while science, rational knowledge, clarifies the general conditions of actual existence and provides a tool for arranging a human life. It is concluded that both religion and science display interest in the same task but in a different way. Thus, religion looks at the mental, subjective, and moral side, whereas science is interested in something external and objective.

Received: 2025-05-16

Published online: 2025-06-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.009

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VIEWS 315

The study covers the problem of insufficient regulation of pediatric deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Russia, which causes neuroethical dilemmas and risk of unjustified expansion of indications. The study is relevant because of growing use of DBS in children with severe neurological disorders and lack of adapted standards. The aim of the study is to identify gaps in regulatory system and develop recommendations for ethical and clinical regulation of DBS in children. The current clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, international consensuses and protocols of leading Russian centers were used as a basis for the research. The main methods included analysis of regulatory documents, comparative and critical analysis of existing standards and ethical approaches. The results show that Russian practice lacks age-specific standards and assessment algorithms despite the regulations. The risks of expanded indications and pressure on patients and their families, which may lead to unregulated experimentation, have been identified. As a conclusion, the need to develop specialized recommendations and strengthen ethical standards to ensure safety and effectiveness of DBS use in children is proposed.

Received: 2025-06-06

Published online: 2025-06-30

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.010

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VIEWS 310

Kostrov SA, Potapov MP

The article analyzes the latest ethical challenges associated with introduction of large language models (LLMs) in medicine and healthcare. Various LLM architectures, stages of their training (pretraining, pretuning, reinforcement learning from human feedback) and criteria for quality of training data are reviewed. The emphasis is on a range of ethical issues such as copyright for AI-generated content; systematic bias in algorithms and risk of generating false information; a need to ensure transparency and explainability of AI (XAI); issues of confidentiality and protection of personal medical data, including difficulties with anonymization and obtaining informed consent. Aspects of legal responsibility for using LLMs in clinical practice are also analyzed and technological solutions (federated learning, homomorphic encryption) to minimize risks are discussed. The need for an integrated approach combining technological improvement, development of ethical standards, adaptation of legislation and critical supervision of the medical community is emphasized to ensure safe and effective integration of LLMs into clinical practice.

Received: 2025-05-06

Published online: 2025-06-29

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.008

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VIEWS 536

Khokholov AL, Pavlov AV, Kotlovsky MYu, Potapov MP, Gabidullina LF

Today, quantum computing is one of the most promising areas of modern science that can solve the problems which are too hard to handle for classical computers. However, a huge potential accompanied by a rapid progress in this area creates significant ethical risks, including threat of hacking existing cryptographic systems and the problem of non-transparent decisions made using quantum computing. The article highlights the need for timely ethical analysis, development of a regulatory framework, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure sustainable and socially acceptable technology development. Main ethical, bioethical challenges, in particular, that arise against the background of quantum computing, and identification of possible ways to regulate them captivate special attention.

Received: 2025-05-05

Published online: 2025-06-23

DOI: 10.24075/medet.2025.007

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VIEWS 387