ORIGINAL RESEARCH
History of biomedical research in Russia: ethics lessons for the future
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Olga I. Kubar
ul. Mira 14, St. Petersburg, 197101; ur.tsil@rabuko
Author contribution: Olga I. Kubar – examination of archives and historical documents to analyze the formation and development of research ethics in Russia; comparison of historical documents of Russia related to informing patients about a modern standard of ethical regulation, ethical commentary on the trial of former soldiers of the Japanese army accused of manufacturing and use of bacteriological weapon in the city of Khabarovsk in 1949. The value of prohibition ethical inevitability is evaluated to protect future generations.
- Dmitriev BV. Sluchaj peresadki shchitovidnoj zhelezy i yuridicheskie voprosy, svyazannye s podobnymi peresadkami. Medicinskoe obozrenie, 1917; LXXXVII (13-16): 618-631. Russian.
- Laboratoriya smerti. Apokalipsis po-yaponski. Dokumental'nyj fil'm. Rossiya, 2016. https://www.ivi.tv/watch/424882. Russian.
- Laboratorii smerti. Kak rabotal yaponskij «Otryad 731». Dokumental'nyj fil'm. Rossiya, 2020. https://doc.rt.com/filmy/laboratorii-smerti-trejler/ Russian.
- Nyurnbergskij kodeks, 1947. http://www. https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/nyurnbergskij-kodeks.htm Russian.
- Raginskij MYu. Nyurnberg: pered sudom istorii. Vospominaniya uchastnika Nyurnbergskogo processa. M.: Politizdat, 1986; 213 s. Russian.
- Italian Society for Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care. “Clinical Ethics Recommendations for Admission to Intensive Care and for Withdrawing Treatment in Exceptional Conditions of Imbalance between Needs and Available Resources.” English translation. March 13, 2020. https://www.academia.edu/42213831/English_translation_of_the_Italian_SIAARTI_COVID-19_Clinical_Ethics_Recommenda
- Kubar' OI. Eticheskie i pravovye problemy issledovanij na cheloveke: iz istorii Rossii XX veka. Zhurnal “Chelovek”. 2001; 3; 115-122. Russian.
- Kubar OI. Research involving human subjects: ethics and law in early 20th century Russia. Bull. Med. Eth. 2001, October; 13-17 p.
- Kubar' OI, Bichurina MA, Romanenkova NI. Koncepciya informirovannogo soglasiya ot istoricheskih kornej do krasnoj linii sovremennyh krizisnyh situacij v infekcionnoj patologii, Medicinskaya etika. 2021; 1: 56-63. Russian.
- Ivanyushkin AYa. Biomedicinskaya etika. M.: KMK. 2010; 272 s. Russian.
- Sedova NN. Bioetika. Kurs lekcij dlya studentov i aspirantov medicinskih vuzov. Volgograd: Izd-vo VolgGMU, 2014; 216 s. Russian.
- Siluyanova IV. Rukovodstvo po etiko-pravovym osnovam medicinskoj deyatel'nosti. M: MEDpress-inform, 2008; 224 s. Russian.
- YArovinskij MYa. Medicinskaya etika (Bioetika): uchebnoe posobie. M.: Medicina, 2006; 448 s. Russian.
- Filippov YuN, Abaeva OP, Tarychev VV i dr. Soglasie na medicinskoe vmeshatel'stvo — pravo pacienta i obyazannost' medicinskogo rabotnika (rossijskaya zakonodatel'naya baza o prave pacienta na informirovannoe dobrovol'noe soglasie na medicinskoe vmeshatel'stvo): ucheb. posobie. Sankt- Peterburg: SpecLit, 2016; 111 s. Russian.
- Filippov YuN, Abaeva OL, Filippov AYu. Istoriya stanovleniya i informirovannogo dobrovol'nogo soglasiya pacienta v Rossii. Medicinskij al'manah. 2013; 1 (25): 11- 13. Russian.
- Yudin B.G. Chelovek v medicinskom eksperimente: perechityvaya V.V. Veresaeva. VIET. 2001; 4: 24-37. Russian.
- Hel'sinkskaya deklaraciya VMA, 1964 g. (s posleduyushchimi redakciyami i dopolneniyami: 1975, 1983, 1989,1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2013 gg.) Russian.
- Nadlezhashchaya klinicheskaya praktika. Nacional'nyj standart Rossijskoj Federacii GOSTR 52379-2005. Russian.
- Convention on human rights and biomedicine. Council of Europe. European Treaty Series №164, Oviedo, 1997, 2004; 10 p.
- Golunskij SA. Sud nad glavnymi yaponskimi voennymi prestupnikami. M., Pravda. 1947; 23 s. Russian.
- Tuzhilin SV. Iz istorii voenno-politicheskih otnoshenij. Voenno-istoricheskij zhurnal. 2020; 5: 12-17. Russian.
- Yudin BG. Materialy sudebnogo processa po delu byvshih voennosluzhashchih yaponskoj armii, obvinyaemyh v podgotovke i primenenii bakteriologicheskogo oruzhiya VIET, 2009; 4: 107-125. Russian.
- Alibek K. Ostorozhno! Biologicheskoe oruzhie! Gorodec-izdat. 2003; 60 s. Russian.
- Statement on COVID-19: ethical considerations from global perspective 2020. SHS/ IBC-COMEST/COVID-19 REV. Paris, 6 April 2020; 4 p. http://www.unescdoc.unesco.org
- Kubar' OI, Bichurina MA, Romanenkova NI. Vtoroj eticheskij kommentarij k COVID-19 (god spustya). Infekciya i immunitet. 2021; 1: 17-24. Russian.
- Extraordinary Session of the IBC/Join Session of the IВС and IGBC/11th (Extraordinary) Session of COMEST. 23 and 24 February 2021. http://www.events.unesco.org
- Potter VR. Bioethics: bridge to the future. Prentice-Hall. 1971;205 p.