Continuous development of social relations implies the need in constant improvement of primarily legislative regulation so that it could adapt to the current realities in the society and country. This assumption is true both with regard to the legal regulation of the status given to participants of genomic research, as this relatively new area of social relations embraces both public, and private interests. In this respect, legal regulation should consider certain principles such as the balance of public and private interests, protection of human rights and freedoms, protection of sensitive data by the law, protection of the national interests, etc. Nevertheless, normative legal regulation of the status of genomic research participants in the Russian Federation is not complex in nature yet. Thus, it fails to result in development of this area of social relations and ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the mentioned persons. It is necessary to settle the issue about the boundaries of the allowed behavior, rights, obligations, guarantees and liability of genetic research participants. It seems to be appropriate to develop a complex federal law about the legal status of genetic research participants in the Russian Federation. A general approach to arranging complex legal regulation in this field consists in systematization of the existing legal regulation considering legislative regulatory activity of the discovered issues in the field of using genetic technologies and conducting genome research. During the regulatory control, it is necessary to reflect common moral and ethical principles and standards of medical and genetic research.